Cross-language Wikipedia Editing of Okinawa, Japan

This article analyzes users who edit Wikipedia articles about Okinawa, Japan, in English and Japanese. It finds these users are among the most active and dedicated users in their primary languages, where they make many large, high-quality edits. However, when these users edit in their non-primary languages, they tend to make edits of a different type that are overall smaller in size and more often restricted to the narrow set of articles that exist in both languages. Design changes to motivate wider contributions from users in their non-primary languages and to encourage multilingual users to transfer more information across language divides are presented.Comment: In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2015. AC

Hydrogen evolution in aqueous solutions containing dissolved H2S: Evidence of direct electroactive contribution of H2S

International audienceThis paper compares the cathodic reactions occurring on steel in an oxygen-free aqueous solution containing dissolved H 2 S or dissolved CO 2. It is well admitted that the rate of the cathodic reaction is enhanced in aqueous solutions containing dissolved CO 2 , in comparison with strong acid solutions at the same pH [1-6]. In a previous paper [7], the authors have shown that this phenomenon appears only in the mass transfer limitation region, where the transport of carbonic acid is added to the transport of proton. In the case of H 2 S containing solutions, this chemical mechanism is no more sufficient to explain the cathodic polarization curves. An additional electrochemical reaction is clearly observed, with strong links with H 2 S concentration

Hydrogen evolution in aqueous solutions containing dissolved H2S: Evidence of direct electroactive contribution of H2S

International audienceThis paper compares the cathodic reactions occurring on steel in an oxygen-free aqueous solution containing dissolved H 2 S or dissolved CO 2. It is well admitted that the rate of the cathodic reaction is enhanced in aqueous solutions containing dissolved CO 2 , in comparison with strong acid solutions at the same pH [1-6]. In a previous paper [7], the authors have shown that this phenomenon appears only in the mass transfer limitation region, where the transport of carbonic acid is added to the transport of proton. In the case of H 2 S containing solutions, this chemical mechanism is no more sufficient to explain the cathodic polarization curves. An additional electrochemical reaction is clearly observed, with strong links with H 2 S concentration

System thermal-hydraulic modelling of the phénix dissymmetric test benchmark

Phénix is a French pool-type sodium-cooled prototype reactor; before the definitive shutdown, occurred in 2009, a final set of experimental tests are carried out in order to increase the knowledge on the operation and the safety aspect of the pool-type liquid metal-cooled reactors. One of the experiments was the Dissymmetric End-of-Life Test which was selected for the validation benchmark activity in the frame of SESAME project. The computer code validation plays a key role in the safety assessment of the innovative nuclear reactors and the Phénix dissymmetric test provides useful experimental data to verify the computer codes capability in the asymmetric thermal-hydraulic behaviour into a pool-type liquid metal-cooled reactor. This paper shows the comparison of the outcomes obtained with six different System Thermal-Hydraulic (STH) codes: RELAP5-3D©, SPECTRA, ATHLET, SAS4A/SASSYS-1, ASTEC-Na and CATHARE. The nodalization scheme of the reactor was individually achieved by the participants; during the development of the thermal-hydraulic model, the pool nodalization methodology had a special attention in order to investigate the capability of the STH codes to reproduce the dissymmetric effects which occur in each loop and into pools, caused by the azimuthal asymmetry of the boundary conditions. The modelling methodology of the participants is discussed and the main results are compared in this paper to obtain useful guide lines for the future modelling of innovative liquid metal pool-type reactors

Reversible catastrophic oxidation of a 38Fe-34Ni-25Cr alloy induced by sodium sulphate at low oxygen potential atmospheres

International audienceThe chromia-forming nickel-based alloy Haynes (R) HR-120 was oxidised with and without Na2SO4 deposit in a CO/H-2/CO2 (45/45/10%vol.) simulated process atmosphere at 900 degrees C for 96 h. During the first hours of oxidation, samples covered by sodium sulphate exhibit higher oxidation rate than non-covered ones. However, after 24 h both sulphate-covered and uncovered specimens follow the same linear kinetics. In this very low oxygen partial pressure environment (10(-18) atm), the presence of Na2SO4 promotes the growth of localized iron-rich oxide nodules leading to the observed accelerated oxidation. The development of these nodules is discussed to be the result of the chromia dissolution induced by a basic fluxing mechanism. As soon as the salt is evaporated, slower kinetics are observed and the nodules disappear. In these specific conditions, the oxidation could be considered as a self-healing process

Imaging bilinguals: When the neurosciences meet the languange sciences

The starting point of our investigation was the longstanding notion that bilingual individuals need effective mechanisms to prevent interference from one language while processing material in the other (e.g. Penfield and Roberts, 1959). To demonstrate how the prevention of interference is implemented in the brain we employed event-related brain potentials (ERPs; see Munte, Urbach, ¨ Duzel and Kutas, 2000, for an introductory review) ¨ and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, thus pursuing a combined temporal and spatial imaging approach. In contrast to previous investigations using neuroimaging techniques in bilinguals, which had been mainly concerned with the localization of the primary and secondary languages (e.g. Perani, Paulesu, Galles, Dupoux, Dehaene, Bettinardi, Cappa, Fazio and Mehler, 1998; Chee, Caplan, Soon, Sriram, Tan, Thiel and Weekes, 1999), our study addressed the dynamic aspects of bilingual language processing

Hydrogen charging in low alloy steels exposed to H 2 S: impact of CO 2 or N 2 in the gas mixture

International audienceThis paper examines the influence of CO 2 / H 2 S ratio on hydrogen charging in low alloy steels. Hydrogen flux through the steel surface is the driving force for sulfide stress cracking (SSC). The impact of H 2 S and pH on SSC severity is extremely well documented, and these two parameters are used in the SSC severity diagram of ISO 15156-2 [1]. However, the CO 2 / H 2 S ratio is not considered in standard SSC testing procedures, even though it has a strong impact on corrosion. Indeed, according to several authors, competitive adsorption between HS-and HCO 3-on the steel surface could modify the charging flux, thus the SSC risks. The goal of the present study was to check if hydrogen charging is influenced by other parameters than the sole pH and P H2S. Experiments consisted in hydrogen permeation measurements through HSLA steel thin membranes. They were performed under cathodic charging in order to avoid corrosion products precipitation. Charging solutions with different H 2 S concentrations with or without CO 2 were used, in order to examine the individual contributions to the charging flux, and hence to evaluate a possible impact on SSC risks

Consecutive episodes of heart and kidney failure in an "otherwise" healthy young man

Background: Acute renal failure is a rare occurrence in a patient with an unremarkable past medical history and should always lead to an in depth clinical study. The occurrence in the same healthy young subject, of consecutive episodes of heart failure and of acute renal failure is an even rarer event and should prompt diagnostic tests and restrict the diagnostic hypotheses. Case presentation: We present the case of a 28 year-old man who, while waiting to undergo assessment for a mild chronic kidney disease, was diagnosed with decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy and placed on diuretics and β-blockers. After few weeks he developed a non oligoanuric acute renal failure with a slight elevation of serum calcium. Renal biopsy proved suggestive for renal sarcoidosis; thus the hypothesis of systemic sarcoidosis with cardiac and renal involvement was possible avoiding further delay in initiation of therapy. Conclusions: Cardiac sarcoidosis is usually silent but the majority of cases are diagnosed when cardiac symptoms are present in a patient with systemic sarcoidosis. Renal involvement with granulomatous interstitial nephritis is also quite rare and can be an unexpected finding at kidney biopsy. This case highlights the need to evaluate thoroughly clinical problems that do not fit in a specific scenario and emphasizes the importance of performing a kidney biopsy in case of kidney failure of unknown etiology